Jimmy T. Efird, Wesley T. O?Neal, Catherine A. Gouge, Linda C. Kindell, Whitney L. Kennedy, Paul Bolin, Jr., Jason B. O?Neal, Curtis A. Anderson, Evelio Rodriguez, T. Bruce Ferguson, W. Randolph Chitwood and Alan P. Kypson
Implications of Hemodialysis in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the United States has steadily risen over the past 20 years due to the increasing number of obese individuals with diabetes and hypertension. During this period, the prevalence of CKD stages 1-4 increased by 31%. Additionally, the number of individuals with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring hemodialysis (HD) has increased from 209,000 to 472,000. Patients with ESRD have a greater than 5-fold increased risk for all-cause mortality and a 3-fold increased risk for cardiovascular-related mortality.
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